简介
文件上传是项目开发中最常见的功能。为了能上传文件,必须将表单的method设置为POST,并将enctype设置为multipart/form-data。只有在这样的情况下,浏览器才会把用户选择的文件以二进制数据发送给服务器。
一旦设置了enctype为multipart/form-data,浏览器即会采用二进制流的方式来处理表单数据,而对于文件上传的处理则涉及在服务器端解析原始的HTTP响应。在2003年,Apache Software Foundation发布了开源的Commons FileUpload组件,其很快成为Servlet/JSP程序员上传文件的最佳选择。
Servlet3.0规范已经提供方法来处理文件上传,但这种上传需要在Servlet中完成。而Spring MVC则提供了更简单的封装。
Spring MVC为文件上传提供了直接的支持,这种支持是用即插即用的MultipartResolver实现的。Spring MVC使用Apache Commons FileUpload技术实现了一个MultipartResolver实现类:CommonsMultipartResolver。因此,SpringMVC的文件上传还需要依赖Apache Commons FileUpload的组件。
核心代码
package com.xiaozhangge.api;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.MultipartConfigFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.core.io.InputStreamResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.util.Base64Utils;
import org.springframework.util.FileCopyUtils;
import org.springframework.util.unit.DataSize;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.MultipartConfigElement;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.*;
/**
* # 禁用 thymeleaf 缓存
* spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
* <p>
* # 是否支持批量上传 (默认值 true)
* spring.servlet.multipart.enabled=true
* <p>
* # 上传文件的临时目录 (一般情况下不用特意修改)
* spring.servlet.multipart.location=
* <p>
* # 上传文件最大为 1M (默认值 1M 根据自身业务自行控制即可)
* spring.servlet.multipart.max-file-size=1048576
* <p>
* # 上传请求最大为 10M(默认值10M 根据自身业务自行控制即可)
* spring.servlet.multipart.max-request-size=10485760
* <p>
* # 文件大小阈值,当大于这个阈值时将写入到磁盘,否则存在内存中,(默认值0 一般情况下不用特意修改)
* spring.servlet.multipart.file-size-threshold=0
* <p>
* # 判断是否要延迟解析文件(相当于懒加载,一般情况下不用特意修改)
* spring.servlet.multipart.resolve-lazily=false
* <p>
* Created by xiaozhangge on 2018/12/6.
* http://localhost:8080/api/file/download2stream
* http://localhost:8080/api/file/download
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/file")
public class FileApi {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FileApi.class);
private final static String FILE_NAME = "main.csv";
private final static String FILE_CONTENT = "key,value";
private final static String FILE_PATH = System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + "tmp";
static {
File file = new File(FILE_PATH);
if (!file.exists()) {
file.mkdirs();
}
}
/**
* 通过 OutputStream 每次往客户端写 buffer
*
* @param response
*/
@GetMapping("/download")
public void download(HttpServletResponse response) {
InputStream inStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(FILE_CONTENT.getBytes());
// 设置强制下载不打开
response.setContentType("application/force-download");
// 设置content-type
response.setHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/octet-stream");
// 设置文件名
response.addHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION, "attachment;fileName=" + FILE_NAME);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
ServletOutputStream outStream = null;
BufferedInputStream bufferStream = null;
try {
outStream = response.getOutputStream();
bufferStream = new BufferedInputStream(inStream);
int len;
while ((len = bufferStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
outStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
outStream.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
close(outStream, bufferStream);
}
}
/**
* 流式下载
*
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/download2stream")
public ResponseEntity<Resource> download2stream() {
InputStream inStream = null;
try {
inStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(FILE_CONTENT.getBytes());
Resource resource = new InputStreamResource(inStream);
return ResponseEntity.ok()
.contentType(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/octet-stream;charset=UTF-8"))
.header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION, "attachment;fileName=" + FILE_NAME)
.body(resource);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("下载异常:" + e);
} finally {
close(inStream);
}
}
/**
* multipart/form-data
*
* @param file
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/upload")
public Map<String, Object> upload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
// 获取 resources 目录
// String realPath = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getRequest().getServletContext().getRealPath("");
Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>(16);
try {
logger.info("[文件类型] - [{}]", file.getContentType());
logger.info("[文件名称] - [{}]", file.getOriginalFilename());
logger.info("[文件大小] - [{}]", file.getSize());
byte[] bytes = file.getBytes();
String fileName = FILE_PATH + File.separator + file.getOriginalFilename();
Path path = Paths.get(fileName);
Files.write(path, bytes);
result.put("contentType", file.getContentType());
result.put("fileName", file.getOriginalFilename());
result.put("fileSize", file.getSize());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
/**
* 多文件上传
*
* @param files
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/multi-file-upload")
public List<Map<String, Object>> multiFileUpload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile[] files) {
if (files == null || files.length == 0) {
return null;
}
List<Map<String, Object>> results = new ArrayList<>();
Map<String, Object> map;
try {
for (MultipartFile file : files) {
map = new HashMap<>(16);
String fileName = FILE_PATH + File.separator + file.getOriginalFilename();
file.transferTo(new File(fileName));
map.put("contentType", file.getContentType());
map.put("fileName", file.getOriginalFilename());
map.put("fileSize", file.getSize());
results.add(map);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return results;
}
/**
* Base64文件上传
* <p>
* base64编码: http://base64.xpcha.com/pic.html
*
* @param base64
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/base64-upload")
public Map<String, Object> uploadBase64(String base64) {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(16);
// 防止有的传了 data:image/png;base64, 有的没传的情况
String[] d = base64.split("base64,");
final byte[] bytes = Base64Utils.decodeFromString(d.length > 1 ? d[1] : d[0]);
// BASE64 方式的 格式和名字需要自己控制(如 png 图片编码后前缀就会是 data:image/png;base64,)
File tempFile = new File(FILE_PATH + File.separator + UUID.randomUUID() + ".jpg");
try {
FileCopyUtils.copy(bytes, tempFile);
map.put("fileSize", tempFile.length());
map.put("fileName", tempFile.getName());
map.put("parent", tempFile.getParent());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return map;
}
private void close(Closeable... closeables) {
try {
if (closeables != null) {
for (Closeable io : closeables) {
if (io != null) {
io.close();
}
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.warn("io close exception {}", e);
}
}
@Bean
public MultipartConfigElement multipartConfigElement() {
MultipartConfigFactory factory = new MultipartConfigFactory();
// 最大支持文件大小
factory.setMaxFileSize(DataSize.ofMegabytes(10));
// 最大支持请求大小
factory.setMaxRequestSize(DataSize.ofMegabytes(100));
// 支持文件写入磁盘.
// factory.setFileSizeThreshold();
// Sets the directory location where files will be stored.
// factory.setLocation("上传文件的临时目录");
return factory.createMultipartConfig();
}
}